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Environmental Impact of Industrialization: A Study of Two Industrial Areas in Ahvar District of Rajasthan.
1. Problem Under Investigation Industrialization in India being actively pursued as a policy to provide jobs and improve socio-economic well-being. Experience shows that reckless industrialization can not only adversely affect our environment but also directly impact well—being of many, particularly those living in and around industrial areas. Adverse impacts of air, waste water and solid waste pollution are well documented. They affect human health, vegetation and crops, and create several undesirable consequences, and hit particularly those who are economically weak. In a developing country like ours, we are caught between the desire to accelerate industrialization and the desire to preserve natural resources and the environment. It is also not very clear whether our society is seeking a balance between two conflicting demands and if yes, is it ready to make sacrifices its terms of controlling the growth of industrialization or making economic sacrifices for this generation and the next generation? Researcher has focused her work on above issues and examined them in the context of two key industrial areas of the Alwar district of Rajasthan. They are Bhiwadi and Matsya Industrial Areas. Bhiwadi is a fast growing industrial area, located on NH8, about 70 Km. from Delhi. Matsya Industrial Area ( MIA) is located in South- West of Alwar City , about 165 Km. from Delhi . While MIA was developed by the government in seventies , Bhiwadi industrial area was established in eighties. Alwar City itself lies on the broad gauge of Delhi-Jaipur — Ahmedabad . Researcher has used an E I A (Environmental Impact Assessment) Questionnaire for primary data collection, and has supplemented the findings with observations. The lessons thus drawn will help in understanding this complex problem, specifically for developing regions in India. Foregoing analysis shows that 1 13hiwadi is an active industrializing region while MIA in Alwar is in passive state. industrialization has brought clear positive benefits but the negative impacts are slowly beginning to impact people. 3. Those living outside the industrial areas have not benefited from the industrialization , and hence their attitude is of indifference or apathy. 4. People wain "responsible growth" , a growth which brings benefits without environmental costs. S. People are ready to make economic sacrifices for improving the environment once their level of income improves. It's clear that industrialization is an important driver of socio — economic prosperity. Once people have experienced the benefits, they are inclined towards greater industrialization. Parts of society who have not experienced the benefits are unable to see it's power of transformation. Greater industrialization in India is also brining the negative impacts and it would be a questionable policy if people were made to pay for the reducing such impacts. Research work shows that as income improves, people are willing to make economic sacrifices, perhaps due to the fact that they don't believe either industries or the government doing enough on it's own or society may have to contribute towards improving it's well-being.
One cannot also overlook the fact that unchecked negative impacts may reach a level where human health is dangerously impacted and system collapses.

Indian Council of Social Science Research.

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